Building Teams and Resolving Conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Building Teams and Resolving Conflict - Essay Example Moreover, compromise is a basic part of organizations in the contemporary world. This is attributable to the way that there is expanded assorted variety in the work environment coming about to expanded odds of contention. A successful administrator will have the answer for clashes emerging in the working environment. In the event that he neglects to do as such, he will have bombed his obligation as a director. This paper talks about a portion of the significant purposes for managers’ disappointments. One of the striking explanations behind manager’s disappointment is poor relational abilities. Chiefs who are inactive communicators neglect to pass the message across to their representatives that reflect in lackluster showing that may in the end lead to disappointment (Dotlich and Cairo, 2007). Inadequate directors will in general have poor relational abilities as they don't tune in to what the representatives need to state and don't impart their musings to them (Gallos, 2008). Choices made by such directors are one-sided and representatives can't communicate their disappointment and this effects negative on the entity’s execution. There are those supervisors that need authority and may neglect to apply persuasive abilities to confront the issues in the association. Administrators who don't address the mentalities and sentiments of workers are probably going to bomb as they face approaching obstruction from the representatives. Strife among workers is unavoidable and supervisors ought to be set up to manage such circumstances once they emerge. Worker clashes have been an expanding marvel in the advanced world inferable from expanding decent variety in the current occasions (Moley, Pietri and Mosley, 2010). In the event that chiefs don't have what it takes to deal with representative clashes adequately, they will flop as the work spot will get disordered and this will unfavorably influence the manager’s execution. Exactly, the manner in which a director handles struggle decides if they will succeed or fizzle. An impressive number of administrators experience thriving

Comparing throughput accounting and cost based approaches Essay Example For Students

Looking at throughput bookkeeping and cost based methodologies Essay This endeavor surveys and thinks about the develops of throughput bookkeeping ( TA ) and cost-based assaults. The essential point is to investigate of the two assaults to gracefully heading with the ability of improving tasks judgments within the sight of various exercises and submitted costs. To begin with, we take a gander at the starter to modify in cost-based assaults. Second, Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) are talked about, for example, the five stairss for advancements in TOC. Next, the effect of the organization of changing to throughput bookkeeping is really incredible? At that point, Goldratt and Galloway and Waldron reprimand of TA. At long last, TA versus Cost-Based assaults are thought about dependent on numerical delineations and articulations. Numeric results show that both TA and cost-based assaults can gracefully bearing with better open introduction estimating of cut bringing down the expenses and help to better the organization s bene fit. Subsequently, proposals for fusing the two assaults are in close. I am a works executive depicting to the Division Vice President in one of the UK s organization which produces putting throwing for fly motors in the aeronautic trade. My enterprise has felt the interest for an increasingly antiphonal, progressively all encompassing assaults and in this manner the Division Vice President surveies about the throughput bookkeeping ( TA ) and hypothesis of limitations ( TOC ) , presented in McGuinn s 2009 article, Got Lean? Six Sigma? Here s Another Theory . Along these lines, he requested that I carry on exhaustive research and teach him on the throughput bookkeeping versus cost-based bookkeeping assaults. Research a couple of occurrence surveies as delineations of the required dislodging and the effect it has on organizations. Further, He anticipated that me should answer requests, for example, What are Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) ? Is the effect of the organization of changing to throughput bookkeeping genuinely extraordinary? Analysis of Throughput Accounting ( TA ) Throughput Accounting ( TA ) Versus Cost-Based Accounting My Division Vice President accepts that this exploration will benefit the vital method of the organization and help him in useful assurance concocting. Outline1 Introduction2 2.0 A Preliminary to Change in Cost-Based Accounting Approaches3 Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC )4 Identify the Constraints5 Decide How to Make the Best Use of Constraints6 Submit Non-limitations to Constraints7 Promote the Constraints8 Following Removal of Current Constraint, Redo All Steps9 Is the Impact of the Company of Switching to Throughput Accounting really Great?10 Evaluates the Practicality11 Impact on the Companies12 Criticism of Throughput Accounting ( TA )13 Throughput Accounting ( TA ) Versus Cost-Based Accounting14 Decision15 Mentions Presentation Not to talk about non-benefit association, a definitive finish of any organization is just to accomplish more cash. So as to infer more, there must be more prominent speed of framework in bring forthing the cash. TA is the principal assault that factors in the a large portion of import segment losing in the entirety of the cost-based bookkeeping assaults Throughput ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . TA is non a bing frameworks and which is a cardinal dislodging off from the point of convergence on costs and the distribution of them to stocks. Throughput can be characterized as the rate at which the organization creates more grosss through gross incomes ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . From this announcement, it tends to be reasoned that what an organization can make so as to hang on its end is by amplifying its throughput. 2.0 A Preliminary to Change in Cost-Based Accounting Approaches It is accepted that cost-based assaults do non motion with the advancement in manufacturing condition, for example, customary bookkeeping, which is demonstrated by the way that conventional bookkeeping today despite everything places same highlight on direct work cost as what it did during its initial time of improvement. Genuine bounty that today s creation life in which more automation is required, has driven direct work to lose impact and caused the cost-based bookkeeping to go neglected strategy. Moreover, cost-control is of import however cost-based assaults are non achieving corporate gross incomes and total compensations developing ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . No organization means to cut back as its since quite a while ago run corporate plan. Be that as it may, cost-based assaults are obstructing an organization from doing overall gains. Cost-put together assaults center with respect to ordering costs, seting disbursal at the Center of the dynamic and open introduction estimating methodology. Thusly, the terminal result is informations that does non fit world and hence, there is a turning acknowledgment that the interest of various choices to chop down the unintended and mistaken outcome of cost-based assaults. A review led by TOC Center ( 1999 ) included that executives in 100s of organizations have simply utilized cost bookkeeping assault only when it can permit the figure which is nearest to their standpoint. Called to do a distinction, the utilization of Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) musings as Throughput Accounting is a frameworks course precept created by Ellyahu. M. Goldratt in the mid 1980s ( Dugdale and Jones, 1998 ) . On the other hand, cost-based accountings neglect to recognize the basic capacity of restrictions and handle all nations as all of import ( TOC Center, 1999 ) . The TOC Center uses the TOC builds to accelerate strategy advancement in manufacture and undertaking activities which has a 15 twelvemonth way record of helping organizations. It has worked with in excess of 100 organizations using TOC to do enormous springs in operational open introduction. TOC Center has been on the taking outskirt of the encouraging adjustment since the distribution of The Goal in excess of 20 mature ages prior. The distribution day of the long stretch of this article indicated the twelvemonth 1999. At the end of the day, it was distributed a decennary prior. Accordingly, the importance of the article could be addressed. In any case, in this article, it is applicable to the subject of my article in light of the fact that the plan of my exploration is to give an expansive extent of representations and proclamations so as to analyze the TA and cost-based assaults. The TOC Center precept is you get the outcomes or you do nt pay and bang it utilizes a couple of case surveies as outlines of the required removal and the effect it has on organizations, demonstrated focusing strategies of TA and completely condemns the cost-based assaults as an out of date method which ought to non be utilized. The representations gave is demonstrated bounty to embody how viable of the TA is on the grounds that which are giving in the various enterprises. It has expanded the detected reliability towards the substance of my endeavor. David Dugdale is directly Professor Emeritus of Management Accounting at the University of Bristol. The entirety of his plants methodicallly talked about heading bookkeeping subjects including bing frameworks, open introduction estimating and contributing dynamic. He is other than a bad habit seat of the Research Board of the Chartered Institute of Management Accountants and an Associate Editor of the British Accounting Review. Subsequently, his encounters permitted him to carry on an extremely trustworthy study regarding the matter of heading bookkeeping. Another author, T. Colwyn Jones is Emeritus Professor of Sociology of Accounting at the University of the West of England, Bristol. He is other than an Editorial Board part: Accountancy, Business and the Public Interest ; PhD Supervisor, University of Canterbury, NZ and in this way, there will be no request of the steadfastness of the two journalists. In this article, David Dugdale and Colwyn Jones thankfully recognize the financial help of CIMA Research Foundation for their examination into representing throughput. They show how stocks could be positioned fitting TA proportion furthermore finish up by delineating the way in which product expenses can be ordered on TA rules. The consideration of articulation has expanded the detected steadfastness towards the substance of article all in all. In this manner, their work is pertinent to my endeavor. In any case, the distribution day of the month for this article demonstrated the twelvemonth 1998 and hence the importance of the article could be addressed. By the by, another distribution in 2008 by Fry, Philipoom and Leitch demonstrated a feeling of similitude to crafted by David Dugdale and Colwyn Jones. For delineation, in talking about TA or the use of TOC, the two journalists cited Goldratt assault. Furthermore, for a portion of the pieces of their distributions, in spite of the fa ct that they organized their words and works else, it very well may be discovered that their focuses were truly coordinated to one another. To talk similar messages with a 2008 distribution in any case the way that it was distributed in 1998, implies the builds embraced for the paper by Dugdale and Colwyn Jones are as yet pertinent today. Throughput Accounting ( TA ) and Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) TA is pushed by the Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) which was created and promoted by Goldratt ( 1990 ) , Goldratt and Cox ( 1992 ) , Fredendall and Lea ( 1997 ) , Hall et Al. ( 1997 ) , and Ruhl ( 1996, 1997 ) . Boyd and Cox ( 2002 ) other than remembered this cost framework for their ideal assurance doing review in a constrained domain ( Fry et al. , 2008, p.1671 ) .The activity emerges when it is discovered that there is ever a factor which restricts the throughput. This factor is known as limitation. Goldratt focused on the significance of limitation to organization s open introduction and proposed Theory of Constraints ( TOC ) as a strategy of invariable improvement to the organization. There are five stairss for improvements in the TOC. Timothy D. Fry is Professor of Management Science, University of South Carolina ; Columbia, South Carolina. He has been convey oning a bunch of surveies in the nations of Management Accounting and Operation

How to Create an Effective Peer Review System

How to Create an Effective Peer Review System When you’re a member of an organization or a similar setup, evaluations are, for lack of a better description, a way of life. You’d be subjected to close scrutiny by your supervisors and colleagues. If you’re in customer service, you are also bound to be rated at some point by the customers you actually served. Even if you went up the ranks and became a manager, you will still be vulnerable to assessment by your subordinates.You can never get away from having your work performance reviewed and evaluated. It’s embedded in company policies, after all, its part of the organization’s human resources management and merit promotion systems.From the point of view of top management, there is no way that they can put their focus solely on monitoring the performance of the employees. While it is true that employee performance is a very important factor in their decision-making, it is not THE ONLY factor. It is for this reason that management makes use of other avenues and techniques in monitoring and evaluating employee performance. One of the most frequently used methods is to set up peer review systems.PEER REVIEW SYSTEM â€" WHAT IT IS AND HOW IT WORKSWhen we say “peer review”, we’re talking about employees being assessed by their colleagues â€" or their peers â€" in terms of their performance, strengths and weaknesses, and other work-related aspects.You’ve probably heard it used by authors and writers before, when they have their articles, research papers and other material for publication subjected to review by other authors and writers. Their work will be critiqued, suggestions will be made, and they may be incorporated into the piece before it goes out for final printing.That’s basically the same principle at work here. A peer review system formalizes the conduct of these type of review in the workplace, with definite rules and policies in place on the what, who, wher e, when, and how of the conduct of peer review.Peer review often involves the solicitation of inputs from peers â€" teammates and colleagues â€" about the performance of a specific employee, while keeping them anonymous.Peer reviews utilize several approaches. Some companies design their peer review system to incorporate all approaches, or they can choose only those they deem are practicable to their circumstances. The most common ones are:Simple review. In this approach, comments are solicited from peers about the performance of a specific employee. It’s straightforward and very informal in its execution. Usually, the peers will be interviewed â€" either one-on-one or with a group â€" and that’s where information will be obtained. General rule is that the feedback provider will be kept anonymous. However, there are instances when their identity will have to be disclosed, and that usually happens in cases where the review is also provided directly to the employee being reviewed, not just his supervisor or the managers.Inspections. The most formal and systematic peer review approach, inspections also take the most time and resources. Sometimes, it can be described as the more rigorous version of a simple review. There are specific stages identified that everyone must go through. This is usually the approach chosen when the purpose of the peer review is specifically to find the weaknesses or shortcomings of the employee being evaluated.Team reviews. This involves a panel or a group providing evaluation or assessment at one time. They usually sit together, probably on a round table, and offer up their assessments.The process followed by companies for their peer review systems differ, depending primarily on the nature of the business and the work performed by the employees. Highly technical fields, such as software development, may involve more people in the review process since some software testing must be conducted to see whether there is a need for rework. In publishing, written works undergo several screening stages by various people, so it is bound to take longer.Just as there are no fixed peer review approaches, there are also no fixed peer review processes. It is up to top management, and the designer of the peer review system, to identify a process that will be able to turn up the desired results.Another question begs to be asked:Does a peer review system replace an employee performance appraisal system?Briefly let us go over the ways that feedback or assessment about an employee can be obtained. Supervisor reviews are more results-oriented, because they tend to focus on the outcomes or outputs, and less on how these came to be.If you base your reviews solely on direct reports provided by the employee being assessed, it’s going to be quite lacking, because all you’ll get is insight on his behavior on a daily basis, as well as how he was able to achieve the results he reported. (Plus, there’s the element of subjectivity and self-service included)If, on the other hand, you rely entirely on customer feedback, you’re just getting a glimpse of the quality of service provided by the employee. You’ll also get an insight on his problem-solving skills. And that’s it.With peer review, however, you will also be able to take a look at the employee’s personality, with respect to his interpersonal interactions with his peers.From that logic, it is clear that you shouldn’t use peer review as a replacement for your existing appraisal systems, or make it your ONLY appraisal system. Instead, you should use it WITH your other appraisal systems.IMPORTANCE AND IMPACT OF PEER REVIEW SYSTEMSAside from making managers’ and supervisors’ administration role somewhat lighter, with the bulk and breadth of employee review “passed on” to the organization’s peer review program or policy, why are peer review systems highly recommended?Peer review systems provide a closer look at the employee being evaluated. You see, no matter how good a manager is at “reading” people, there are still things that he is likely to miss about an employee, especially if there are a lot of other employees that must be subjected to review and assessment. Employees tend to act one way in front of supervisors, and another way in front of their peers, whom they regard as their equals. Managers cannot solely trust that the personality shown to them by the employee is their real â€" or complete â€" one. Through peer review, they are given another set of eyes to gain insight into the employee: his personality, strength, weaknesses, and overall potential.Peer review is one way to monitor and, consequently, improve employee performance. If you don’t know how your employees are doing, and you’re basing it solely on the output and financial results of the company, then you’re not really managing as well as you should. Do not forget that human resources are still one of the most important assets of every organiza tion, and by keeping a close eye on your people, you’ll be able to steer the company in the direction that you want (the goal of the organization). By pointing out the weaknesses of the employee through peer review, you’d be encouraging them to improve. They will focus more on those weaknesses and work on them, until such time that they can turn things around and transform those weaknesses into strengths.Through peer review, business processes may also be monitored. Peer review is also a roundabout way of assessing whether your business processes are still working efficiently and effectively, or if there is a need to modify them. It may also provide indicators of whether you have to modify your organizational structure or stick to it. You may also get warning signs that something is no longer working, and that you should do something about it.Peer review is effective for team building. Team-building is a tried and tested way of motivating employees, and integrating peer review i nto the whole team-building setup is a great way to make the most of the endeavor. With peers providing input, employee bonding may be strengthened, and this positive effect will trickle on to their performance when they’re back to their usual working environment.If peer review is attached to performance appraisal and, by default, employee rewards and recognition, then it is effective at providing support for collaboration and teamwork. In the end, the one that benefits the most is the organization as a whole.PROS AND CONS OF A PEER REVIEW SYSTEMNot all systems are perfect, and there are bound to be gray areas. Let us take a look at the pros (+) and cons (-) of making use of a peer review system in assessing employees and their performance in the workplace.(+) Peer review can provide more comprehensive insight into an individual’s performance, particularly on how they interact with each other. This allows the identification of employees who have emerged as leaders, even if they still haven’t earned the corresponding rank or title.(+) Peer review is more resource-efficient. In the first place, you are already getting assessments from people who have first-hand interaction with the employee being evaluated. Aside from saving on time and resources in having supervisors conduct the review, you don’t have to schedule separate review or assessment activities any longer. What you’re getting is already information that has been obtained from time already spent by the employees and their peers.(+) Peer reviews serves as a very strong tool for reinforcing good performance and behavior, encouraging employees to do better in order to be viewed in a positive light by their peers. It is one thing to be recognized by your supervisors, or be respected by your subordinates. However, there is a certain level of satisfaction of being recognized by your peers, and being evaluated for that as well. People below you are almost always expected to put in a good word for you ; they will somehow feel obliged to because of the principle of hierarchy at play. But your peers are your equals, and to hear them say positive things about you gives such a positive boost, motivating you to work harder and better.(+) Peer reviews provide assessments that can be relied on, since we’re talking about the assessment of people who are also experts in the same field as that of the employee being evaluated. Tell me, between the movie review of an established film critic and an equally established food blogger, which one would you trust more? Film critics, in order to reach a certain level of esteem in the filmmaking industry, must have some know-how on the technical and non-technical side of filmmaking. Thus, they are considered to be experts when it comes to movies. Can you say the same of a food blogger, no matter how well-known and “established” he is? That’s the same principle when it comes to peer reviews. You’d trust the evaluation of an employee who work s closely with the employee being evaluated, rather than the assessment made by another employee who works in a different department in another facility.(-) Peer reviews can also be highly subjective, especially since they can be clouded by the personal opinion of the employee making the evaluation. This is also, quite possibly, the biggest complaint against the whole idea of having a peer review system in place. You see, there is a danger that peer review can turn into nothing more than a popularity contest.It is highly possible that an employee may have a prior negative run-in with the employee being evaluated, and that may cloud his judgment. Therefore, he won’t be as objective as he should, and he may purposefully bring down his peer’s evaluation simply because, well, he doesn’t like him all that much.HOW TO MAKE PEER REVIEW SYSTEMS MORE EFFECTIVEAccording to HR consultant Joe Shaheen, a “poorly structured review system wastes time, money and resources”. This inefficie ncy also results to an ineffective peer review system. Thus, you have to make sure your peer review system will be both efficient and effective. Here’s how you can go about it.Choose the “peers” wisely.Keep in mind that the review will be conducted by employees â€" the individuals who will play a key role in the review process. Therefore, you have to make sure that you define the peer groups in a rational manner.Perhaps the most important part is to choose the people that you should ask or get information from regarding the employee being assessed. For this, you have to set certain guidelines, such as qualifications that the employee must have.Determine what your top performers must have, and align them with the organization’s core values.We’re referring to the traits or characteristics that your best performers must have. The rationale behind this is that you won’t know what questions to ask if you don’t know exactly what you’re looking for.In a peer review system, you’d end up asking questions to the employees about their peers. But if you don’t have benchmarks or cornerstones to guide you, then you won’t know what to ask them. You’d only be wasting time and resources asking questions that don’t give you the information you need.In an article on Harvard Business Review, GloboForce emphasized on the importance of reflecting on the core values of the company or organization. You have already identified the traits that your best performer must have in order to establish the metrics you will use in your peer review; the question is, are they in line with the core values of the organization?Take, for example, a tech company where innovation among employees is highly valued. It goes without saying that innovation should also be a core value of the company, so that it makes sense to also look for the same in your top performing employees.Make room for flexibility within the system.I suppose the purpose of setting up a system is to have som ething that will be followed and adhered to when conducting the peer review. But if you design it in such a way that it cannot be modified to suit specific situations, then it won’t be as effective as you’d want.For example, when dealing with specific employees, you may have to take a different approach or ask different questions instead of “sticking to the script”. This should be allowed. Setting it all in stone will leave no room for movement, making the peer review system ineffective, and the results unreliable.Embrace new technology and innovations.You don’t have to stick solely to traditional methods to get evaluation from employees about their peers. Nowadays, social media is a platform often utilized by employees related to work. You can also incorporate the utilization of social media and other similar technological tools in your peer review system.One advantage of this is the impression that it gives among employees how “in touch” management is with how things are done. They take interest in how their employees interact, and utilize that, so they’d feel more inclined to participate in the peer review process.Position the program to be “pro-employee”.There are several organizational setups where employees dread even the sound of the word “review”. They view it as a punishment or, if not, something that leads up to one. This makes them wary of anything related to the conduct of a review.A possible reaction is how several employees, when tapped to provide evaluation or assessment of a fellow employee, look at it as part of their work. They go, “if I do not provide the information they need, it might affect my own review in the future”, or “it is part of my job, so I have to do it or else”. This should not be the case.If you can find a way to make the peer review process fun, then by all means, do so. It should not be an ordeal for everyone involved. Instead, turn it into a program of change or a way to show appreciation an d give credit to whom it is due.Get everyone involved.Since it says “peer review”, does it mean it should involve only the employee and his or her peers?Of course not. Employee performance affects the entire organization, so everyone should be involved.But wait, didn’t top management set up a peer review system so that they don’t have to be involved with the often tedious task of monitoring and evaluating employees?Let’s clear up one thing here: yes, top management set up peer review systems to facilitate and speed up employee review and evaluation, so that they don’t have to be directly involved in it. But that does not mean they’d have nothing to do with it completely.Therefore, it is still very important to reiterate that peer review systems must involve everyone, although in varying degrees. On the part of the managers and supervisors, the system should be reinforced with their own self-reviews and assessments.It is for this reason that you must empower the manager s to track the results. Reiterate the importance of being involved, so they will be more motivated to contribute in ensuring that the peer review system is effective.Back it up with prompt and frequent recognition.Here’s the question: what happens after the peer review? How can you expect to promote desired behavior if you do nothing?It is important to have a quick follow-up to the conduct of the peer review. It does not make sense to conduct a peer review today, then provide recognition a year later. Relevance is significantly diminished if you wait that long. If employees find that there is prompt and frequent recognition after the peer review, employees are going to be more motivated to be more involved in the process.The first step in creating an effective peer review system is to create a peer review system. From there, you can move forward in shaping and improving your system. Do not expect to have a perfectly working system from day one, because you are bound to find someth ing to change every now and then. The important part is to put a peer review system in place, implement it, and continuously improve on it.

Jane Austen s Pride And Prejudice - 1343 Words

The Themes of Jane Austen in Pride and Prejudice In today’s time there are many novels in which their purpose is to provide an enjoyable feeling for the reader, filling them with pleasurable feelings and they do not possess a strong message or lesson. On the other hand, Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice does not compare to novels such as The Notebook, or My Life with the Walter Boys because those two are feel-good books. Whereas Pride and Prejudice is undoubtedly an enjoyable story but Austen uses themes provide the reader with illustrations of what life was really like and to teach lessons to reader. The impactful themes that Jane Austen incorporated in her novel were those of sense and sensibility, worship of the aristocracy, and pride†¦show more content†¦Austen develops the theme of sense and sensibility throughout her book, Pride and Prejudice, by creating a handful of characters that range in sense and sensibility. For example, Mr. Collins has an extreme amount of sense but no self-knowledge, or emotion . Austen describes him as, â€Å"not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been little assisted by education of society; the greatest part of his life having been spent under the guidance of an illiterate and miserly father.† In this case, the ideal of sense means one has honorable moral and most likely an abundance of knowledge deriving form education and books. The idea of sensibility correlates more on the side of having excessive emotion and sensitivity, and sensibility correlates with having lots of self-knowledge, but not morality. Jane Austen uses Mr. Collins to show the ideal of sense through his actions because he has an extreme amount of sense but no self-knowledge, or emotion. Austen describes him as, â€Å"not a sensible man, and the deficiency of nature had been little assisted by education of society; the greatest part of his life having been spent under the guidance of an illiterate and miserlyShow MoreRelatedJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1231 Wo rds   |  5 Pagesfinancial stability. In the novel Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen states that the desire for better social connections interferes with the workings of love through the relationship between Darcy and Elizabeth to criticize the social class structure of the 19th century. Anxieties about social connections or the desire for better social connections, interfere with the workings of love. Darcy and Elizabeth s realization of a mutual and tender love seems to imply that Jane Austen views love as something independentRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1294 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen s exceptional novel Pride and Prejudice has been depicted as a classic that is as much a social study on class, marriage and gender as it is a romantic tale. It is an amusing representation of the social atmosphere of the late eighteenth and mid nineteenth century England, and it is primarily required with courtship rituals of the English high class. The novel is more than a romantic tale, however through Austen s subtle, and ironic style, it addresses gender, class, and marriageRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice992 Words   |  4 Pages It is unfortunate that many people tend to dismiss Jane Austen’s novel, Pride and Prejudice, as simply a roman tic love story, even labeling it a â€Å"chick flick.† Upon a shallow reading, it may appear to be such, but a closer look at the novel reveals so much more embedded in the story. In addition to describing the entertaining relationship between Elizabeth and Mr. Darcy, the novel serves to forward Austen s personal values and ideas. Furthermore, there is one issue of her era that she particularlyRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1138 Words   |  5 PagesPride and Prejudice is a novel about the superficiality of marriage during the late 19th and early 20th century, which largely influenced the decisions made by individuals, based on connections and social rankings. The novel takes its characters through various changes influenced by their decision to or rather not to marry certain individuals. It begins not by a man desiring to marry for love, but by a mother who desires nothing more than to marry her daughters well. As the novel develops, Jane AustenRead MoreJane A usten s Pride And Prejudice1211 Words   |  5 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was greatly influenced by the time period in which it was written, This novel follows the story of Elizabeth Bennet and her sisters as they are faced with marriage proposals. The marriage and roles of women in this time period are shown throughout this story. During the time Austen was writing this novel, a woman’s role for her family changed. Daughters started to become a way for their family to achieve more money. Because their family depended on this financialRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1675 Words   |  7 PagesIn Jane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice, she has specific criteria that her characters follow when choosing their mates. In today’s society, most couples still follow these criteria and more when choosing their ideal mate. What are these important criteria that Austen’s characters consider when choosing a mate? For Austen, the important cr iteria that she has for choosing a mate are that couples are personally compatible, they are in love with each other, and they must have a good moral character. Read MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1678 Words   |  7 PagesAfter reading Jane Austen’s most popular piece of work, the effects of the high societal expectations can be acknowledged through viewing the lives of the Bennet family and friends and noting such effects. Through the examination of the characters in Pride and Prejudice it is easily deciphered between marriages based upon true love and marriage based upon the expectations of society. Society’s main goal for woman in the Victorian era was marriage. As seen many in Pride and Prejudice, marriage wasRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1434 Words   |  6 PagesJane Austen’s Pride and Prejudice was considered a radical novel back in 1813 when she wrote and published the piece. It is a social commentary on the treatment and societal standards of women, as well marriage expectations at the turn of the 19th century. Austen criticizes the patriarchal society, materialism, double standards of men and women by centering the book around Elizabeth Bennett, a young woman of decent means who does not understand the reason for the pressure to find a suitable husbandRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1468 Words   |  6 Pagesestablished over time. In Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice Elizabeth Bennet is the main character who is a lady in the Regency Era. Elizabeth lives in Longbourn with her parents, Mr and Mrs Bennet and her four sisters. In the beginning of the novel, Elizabeth s prejudice mindset and strong opinion blinds her from realizations happening around her. Soon, Elizabeth s prejudice disappears allowing her to open up and fall in love. Throughout Jane Austen s novel, Pride and Prejudice, Elizabeth growsRead MoreJane Austen s Pride And Prejudice1649 Words   |  7 PagesIn her novel, Pride and Prejudice, Jane Austen is pre-occupied with the theme of marriage. Marriage is a central issue of a woman’s life but it was even more crucial for the women of her society where women were largely dependent on the men in their lives. As a result, women pursued socio-economic stability through marriage. However, it is clear through the novel that Austen did not agree with this part of her society. In Pride and Prejudice, she gives preference to a marriage which is based on love

The Greatest Player Of All Time - 1496 Words

The Greatest Player of All Time When you think about basketball, there are multiple teams, plays, and players that come to mind. Michael Jordan is one of the players every person knows and has respect for. He is a legend of this game and has changed the game of basketball forever. He is considered to be the best basketball player of all time but not just because of the numbers he put up on the board or how many games his teams won. Michael Jordan has impacted society because of the kind of person he was, on and off the basketball court, the heart and dedication he had to the game of basketball and his teammates and the way he persevered, no matter what obstacles that were thrown in his way. He was determined to be the best he could be and that is why he was so successful and influential. Michael Jeffery Jordan was born on February 17th, 1963 in Brooklyn, New York. Jordan has been married twice, but is currently married to Yvette Prieto, and has been since 2013. Jordan also has five c hildren, Marcus Jordan, Jeffery Michael Jordan, Ysabel Jordan, Jasmine Mickael Jordan, and Victoria Jordan. Jordan is the fourth of five children and moved to Wilmington, North Carolina as a young toddler. Michael attended Emsley A. Laney High School, graduating in 1981. Jordan than continued his education at the University of North Carolina majoring in Cultural Geography (Biography.com Editors, 2016). Jordan played professionally for the Chicago Bulls from 1984-1993, 1995-1998 and theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Pelà © - One of the Greatest Soccer Players of All Time1895 Words   |  8 PagesPelà © - One of the Greatest Soccer Players of All Time Athletic Genius, Soccer Legend, Master of Offense, Pelà ©. All are names for Edson Arantes do Nascimento, undoubtedly one of the greatest soccer players of all time. 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Why is it that we spend our time on the most useless things Free Essays

Why is it that we spend our time on the most useless things? We keep on hoping that somehow, our efforts are all going to be worth it. We keep on surviving knowing that in the end we die. And the worst of these is the fact that we keep on falling in love even if we will eventually get hurt. We will write a custom essay sample on Why is it that we spend our time on the most useless things? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Do you believe in angels? Well if you do, how would you feel if I told you that there aren’t any? What would come into your mind if I told you that angels do not exist? Will you hate the one who told you of them, just in case? It doesn’t really matter what you believe in. What matters is that you know how you feel and that you’d stand proudly for your principles. And the most important thing is that you learn to accept the ideas of others no matter how much they might contradict yours. Keeping that in mind, I’d like to share an idea I have regarding these supernatural beings. Although I know it might be a total contradiction to a whole lot of standards set by the world, I still am hoping that you might find it worth your fancy. Life? What is it? You can’t see it neither can you grasp it. You can’t even control it. So why is it that we spend so much time trying to achieve longevity knowing that the future is uncertain? But is it really how long we live or how we live? To make the best out of every moment is the best way of taking advantage of such a situation. When would you most probably have your first experience of true love? It might sound corny but it’s true that all of us would definitely come to that point. Why is it so difficult to expound on something that you would understand subconsciously, but can’t find the right words to explain it? High school was rough. It might sound unbelievable but it’s true. I couldn’t hardly breath the first time I got in through the iron gates. I felt the weight of every eye scrutinizing my form. I guess it would appear to be nothing more than an example of a hyperbole. But the thought of all the prejudices being made about you is enough to make you feel uneasy. My freshman year isn’t worth the time recounting. However, during my second year in school, whose name I care not mention, things took a different turn. Although it might sound like a total clichà ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½ but my experience with this girl changed my life forever. How? I’ll tell you in the simplest way I can. At first I thought she would just be another passing face. I did see her once during my first year. It was during a program where she received an award as the captain of her volleyball team after winning in the inter high school competition. I didn’t even notice her. So, by now I guess you have an idea of how awkward it was for me to admit I liked her. To admit something that would mean weakness is definitely not my line. We became classmates as sophomores and that was the time I really gave her the attention she deserved. I mean she’s smart, beautiful, talented and rich. It’s her right to demand respect. Her genius truly gained my admiration. It was kind of funny how something so innocent as admiration could turn into something as cruel and evil as lust. Although lust was not the first feeling I felt. She intrigued me entirely. Her ways caused such curiosity within me that I took time to study her. I wanted to know her. I wanted to understand the way her mind works. However, she definitely did not feel the same about me at first. Actually, she could care less if I felt anything towards her. She never gave me the slightest bit of attention she could spare. In fact, she didn’t spare any at all. I could never really ask for any considering the fact that the law banned my deep admiration for her. Unfortunately, I have to leave this portion up for you to find out just how much trouble I was in. Another aspect of my humanity was about to be revealed. My body began to change rapidly as though I were taking some sort of drug. However, I did not let this get in the way of achieving my goal. I wanted supremacy, power and most of all, her. These changes never did cause that much trouble until my unfortunate demise came to pass. I wanted her so much that I broke all the rules and told her of how I felt. At first, I thought she felt at least a tiny bit of love for me. But my suspicions were proven wrong. She hated me for it. She even thought it was a joke. She made my disclosure nothing more than a laughing matter. And for this, I hated her. She tore my soul apart. She stepped on my ego like it was nothing more than a rag. I felt the rage burning up inside me. I wanted revenge. The night after the incident, I felt something inside me begin to swell. I felt a burning sensation in my back that seemed to consume my entire being. The combination of my broken heart and the excruciating pain made me want to die on the spot. I had nothing to live for anyway. It seemed like all those years of strife were for nothing. How to cite Why is it that we spend our time on the most useless things?, Essays

The Waste Land and Waiting for Godot Essay Example

The Waste Land and Waiting for Godot Paper The two texts, The Waste Land and Waiting for Godot both convey an air of pessimism within their openings due to the modernist and existentialist views of both the writers. The Waste Land Eliots vision of a contemporary predicament, one of natural erotic and spiritual aridity which seems to transcend the barriers of historical time, or natural and geographical boundaries does no depict just the sickness of the land itself; on the contrary it is a metaphor for something more powerful and complex we are dealing with the human condition which Eliot reveals lacks focus and has ironically dissolved into fragments resulting in a heap of broken images. T. S. Eliot was a modernist poet, who questioned contemporary literary values of life after the First World War. Modernism thrived in the periods between the two World Wars as it was a time of great difficulty since the conflict created many pessimistic beliefs amongst the civilians. There was not much optimism as to improvement of mankind and this resulted in the disintegration and alienation of the modern self through crisis. Similarly, the poem purports to open up cracks in culture, to show the underlying fault lines and its implications are also to unsettle the reader. Samuel Becketts Waiting for Godot is an absurd play, because at times it is difficult to discern if there is a plot at all, and at other times, the play seems incredibly profound. We will write a custom essay sample on The Waste Land and Waiting for Godot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Waste Land and Waiting for Godot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Waste Land and Waiting for Godot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The essence of existentialism, which is most prominent in this play, concentrates on the concept of the individuals freedom of choice, as opposed to the belief that humans are controlled by a pre-existing omnipotent being, such as God. Beckett believes that humans only exist and nothing else. In order for existence to become a life it must have a purpose and Beckett believes humans do not have a purpose. Everything we do is purely to pass the time between birth and death. The play is a tragicomedy and is for the majority of the time rather morose and dark, creating a pessimistic image of life. The few characters and sparse surroundings are used to exaggerate the view that humans exist only to pass time. Vladimir and Estragon never progress through life but go round in circles in their conversation, actions and encounters with other characters. They are representative of humankind and the play is a microcosm of society. The Waste Land is a spiritual journey, which begins with an April opening that questions our conditioned expectation of the seasons. We see the natural attitude that April heralds the spring and is responsible for bloom is distorted. The adjectives used to describe this season indicate that nothing flourishes here because the roots, the very foundation of the vegetation is described as being dull a word which seems to stand out from the rest because the l sounds enact the idea of lyrically sighing. Paradoxically, life seems to struggle out of death. Eliot expresses this idea well by the physical imagery he uses to describe the landscape: lilacs. This is a symbol of freshness and vigour and it is bred out of the dead land. So the land in turn reflects the sapped vitality of its inhabitants. We see that there is a lack of regeneration and fertility through the deficiency of flourishing vegetation in the Wasteland and this conveys an air of pessimism as there is no possibility of hope being created since nothing is able to grow in this land. The hyacinth girl with her wet hair and very succulent lushness of her flowers are sexually symbolic and therefore she has expectations for growth but her words which are childlike and self-pitying convey her disappointment because her lover has failed her. So the expectations that love should grow and flourish is shattered by the silence, creating a note of finality. There is definitely something lacking in the relationship, which results in a state where the people of the Wasteland are neither living nor dead which then places them all in a limbo of the half alive whose life cycle can never be harmonised with the natural cycle (of growth). Therefore, where the two should harmonise they jar discordantly and this results in the many negative activities going on in the wasteland adding to the pessimistic feelings expressed in the poem. By looking at the state of the land it is evident that no spiritual being has come to promote regeneration within the Wasteland. The expectation that the corpse in The Burial of the Dead might sprout or perhaps bloom this year comes to stand as a metaphor for rebirth and growth which is not physical but spiritual. This expectation though is not fulfilled but instead is sardonically dismissed. We are instead presented with an image opposing the idea of growth: the image of the dying Tristan who shows us that the true potential of relationships is not fulfilled and instead the relationship comes to a tragic end because love alone is not enough to provide the answers for a spiritually rewarding life. The use of assonance, the e sounds, in Tristans last words Oed und leer das Meer help to create the idea of the wide sea ironically filled with vast emptiness. Earlier, we were warned by the god-like voice not to take this life, but the language there was very covert and the fear that he would show in a hand full of dust suggests an association with death, as the image of dust once again questions our own mortality. These people however, cannot connect or comprehend the meaning and so have taken it to mean only the idea of death, rather than using the information to question the lives that they lead now. Waiting for Godot fertility The lack of fertility is expressed in Waiting for Godot through the fact that there are no female characters at all. This means that there is no real chance of new life being brought into the universe and the natural cycle of life is tampered with. Beckett claimed thatg he Moreover, Estragon and Vladimir seek sexual pleasure through hanging themselves off a tree: What about hanging ourselves? showing the sexual depravation faced by the protagonists. They prefer to indulge in suicidal methods to attain sexual pleasure rather than actual intercourse, through which some optimism could also be brought into the play with a sense of fertility and regeneration. Yet, there is no renewal or rebirth of human life and this suggests a lack of hopefulness within the play. In addition, the image of the fog in The Waste Land is symbolic of the confusion felt by the London crowd, people with a spectral dimension who flow aimlessly. Their sighs of boredom amount to nothing, but a form of damnation, which Eliot presents as ghost-like. Therefore, in this section the imagery clearly emphasises the idea that their existence is a very unreal one, lacking focus. This also explains their confusion and inability to piece information, valuable for their spiritual growth. Stephen Coote highlights that in the wasteland, Life is death and death is life. This can be seen to be very true, especially in the case of the citizens, as they are not actually living their lives but merely existing on the basic needs necessary for their lives to continue. The people could be described as being soulless which is equivalent to death and therefore living is also seen to be dead. The futility of the lives lead by the citizens, that can be see here, shows the many difficulties people faced after the First World War, claiming that despair was the only honest response to the chaotic universe, admitting defeat and leading bleak lives with a deficiency of love and spirituality. Their pessimistic attitude to the world and to each other is communicated through the ineffectuality of their behaviour. Waiting in Waiting for Godot induces boredom as a theme. Vladimir and Estragon constantly ponder and ask questions, many of which are rhetorical or are left unanswered. Existentialists expressed clearly that human beings can never hope to understand why they are here. The tramps repetitive inspection of their empty hats perhaps symbolizes mankinds vain search for answers within the spiritual and moral vacuum of a universe. Existentialists further declared that human beings require a rational basis for their lives but are unable to achieve one, and thus human life is a futile passion. Estragon and Vladimir attempt to put order into their lives by waiting for a Godot who never arrives. They continually subside into the futility of their situation, reiterating the phrase Nothing to be done. Vladimir also resolves with the notion that life is futile, or nothing is to be done at the beginning, replying All my life Ive tried to put it from me And I resumed the struggle. David Parfitt claims that this is a play in which nothing seems to happen and this is true as Beckett deliberately employs the repetition of themes, speech and action to highlight the futility of life. Gogo and Didi frequently repeat phrases, such as, Nothing to be done. Their actions consist of ritually inspecting their hats. Nothingness is what the two tramps are essentially fighting against and the reason why they talk. Beckett conveys a universal message that pondering the impossible questions that arise from waiting, cause pain, anxiety and inactivity. Both Vladimir and Estragon ponder suicide, by hanging themselves from the tree, but are unable to act due to anxiety, as Estragon states, Dont lets do anything. Its safer. Anxiety could explain the inactivity of both Estragon and Vladimir as they both are aware of the different choices they can make but are hesitant, anxious and generally inactive: Estragon: Well, shall we go? Vladimir: Yes, lets go. They do not move. Beckett infers that humans pass time by habit or routine to cope with the existentialist dilemma of the dread or anxiety of their existence. This shows the futility of the lives and conversations that the protagonists of the play have as they are continually stagnating and there is no progress throughout their existence on Earth. The process is very cyclical and hence an air of pessimism is conveyed through the fruitless survival led by Vladimir and Estragon. Throughout The Waste Land, various prophetic figures are alluded to, including the Sybil, Ezekiel, Tiresias, Buddha and the thunder. Madam Sosostris is an ironic version of the prophetic figure and is an example of the lack of spirituality in the Wasteland, especially since she had a bad cold exemplifying that she is only human and mocks her abilities to read the future. Madam Sosostris conducts the most outrageous form of reading possible, transforming a series of vague symbols into predictions, many of which will come true in succeeding sections of the poem. She claims, Fear death by water, that comes true in Part 4 of the poem Death by water. We see that water not only brings salvation to people of the wasteland but also death, showing natures ability to take peoples lives. The clairvoyant also indicates the nature of the wasteland, I see crowds of people walking around in a ring, illustrating the pointless and futile lives led by the people of the wasteland and also the image of the ring means that there is no escape from the cycle of death imparting the idea that there is no hope in the wasteland. Eliot transforms the traditional tarot pack to serve his purposes. Similarly, the clairvoyant undergoes a transformation in assistance with her needs: fraud, vulgarity, and cheap mysticism. The phoney psychic Madame Sosostris simply states what she sees and there is not enough insight to apprehend the meaning of the drowned Phoenician sailor or the Wheel. Eliot shows this to be the behaviour of those who expect nothing, feelings which come from an indifference towards life itself. Western men had exhausted their spiritual powers; some rushed around looking for replacements in magic, as we can see with Madam Sosostris but others also turned to eastern religions such as Hinduism and Buddhism that they felt offered peace and salvation. This view is repeated by Stephen Coote when he states that the wasteland mainly focuses on the, Death of God. This can be seen in the way that people believed in magic and consulted a psychic rather than turning to God. However, I believe that this is not entirely true as Eliot mentioned the three Das in the latter part of the poem where regeneration occurs and the belief of God comes into focus in the peoples hearts following Eastern religions showing that universally a slow change is occurring. This will soon spread to the others who will spiritually strive within the wasteland, giving the reader some hope that life will continue on a positive note, eradicating the air of pessimism that is prevalent throughout the poem. Eliots mother was also a poet, interested in more visionary and prophetic poetry as she was obsessed with religious truths. Whilst his mothers principal poetic direction was the extraordinary exertions of seers and prophets, Eliot chose to write about the lack of spirituality of people within the wasteland because they turned to a fortune-teller for help although she has no connection with God. This is a portrayal of his cynical opinions, using Madam Sosostris as an example, of the life people lead in the time period between the two World Wars. Beckett seems to portray the incomprehensibility and irrationality of faith or hope and perhaps feels advocating a leap of faith limits the individuals choice. Despite Becketts denial of Godots symbolism to God, Godot does have a strong connection towards a god of some kind. Godot could be a hero, a religious symbol, a role model but most importantly a symbol of hope. The more Gogo and Didi converse about this supposed Mr. Godot, the more importance this god-like figure or symbol acquires. Vladimir illustrates the absurdity and the delusive nature of hope, as he has premonitions of Godots arrival: Listen! Hssst! ( They listen, huddled together. ) I thought it was Godot. I could have sworn I heard shouts. Gogo replies more realistically, Pah! The wind in the reeds. Absurdity in the play is a by-product of their metaphysically bizarre condition. However, the fact that Godot still has not arrived throughout the course of the play, shows the lack of a higher spiritual present to sort out Vladimirs and Estragons problems. In fact, this increases the pessimism within the play since Gogo and Didi have made no progress throughout the whole play and end at the same place as they started presenting their stagnating positions, which religion or a supreme being does not help to change. In conclusion, the play and the poem both display a bleak view of life and all the characters epitomise all of mankind showing the full range of human emotions. In Godot, the pessimistic view is that they cannot escape waiting for Godot, from each other or from their situation. The optimistic view of the play shows a range of human emotion and the need to share experiences alongside the suffering of finite existence; governed by the past, acting in the present and the uncertainty of the future. On reflection in The waste Land, we see that our lives are conditioned by hope and if we yearn to become more spiritual and religious, the negativity of the wasteland portrayed by Eliots pessimistic tone would soon disappear. The texts, although, express disappointment, disillusionment, and shows desiccated human relationships, also show us some promise of an escape from these things.